Hacking the Hacker The Art of Invisibility Penetration Testing Basics. Penetration Testing Essentials Hackers Beware. Network Performance and Security. Modern Web Penetration Testing From Hacking to Report Writing. Python Web Penetration Testing Cookbook. CompTIA Cybersecurit Wireshark for Security Professionals Cyber-Physical Attack Recover.
Practical Information Security Management Phishing Dark Waters. Network Attacks and Exploitation. A Hacker. Hacker School. Automated Credit Card Fraud. Cracking Passwords Guide. Metasploit Toolkit — Presentation. These different terms come from old Spaghetti Westerns, where the bad guy wears a black cowboy hat and the good guy wears a white hat.
They never intent to harm a system, rather they try to find out weaknesses in a computer or a network system as a part of penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
Ethical hacking is not illegal and it is one of the demanding jobs available in the IT industry. There are numerous companies that hire ethical hackers for penetration testing and vulnerability assessments. Black Hat Hackers Black Hat hackers, also known as crackers, are those who hack in order to gain unauthorized access to a system and harm its operations or steal sensitive information. Black Hat hacking is always illegal because of its bad intent which includes stealing corporate data, violating privacy, damaging the system, blocking network communication, etc.
Grey Hat Hackers Grey hat hackers are a blend of both black hat and white hat hackers. Their intent is to bring the weakness to the attention of the owners and getting appreciation or a little bounty from the owners. Miscellaneous Hackers Apart from the above well-known classes of hackers, we have the following categories of hackers based on what they hack and how they do it: Red Hat Hackers Red hat hackers are again a blend of both black hat and white hat hackers.
They are usually on the level of hacking government agencies, top-secret information hubs, and generally anything that falls under the category of sensitive information. They look for loopholes that can be exploited and try to close these gaps. Microsoft also uses the term BlueHat to represent a series of security briefing events.
Elite Hackers This is a social status among hackers, which is used to describe the most skilled. Newly discovered exploits will circulate among these hackers. Script Kiddie A script kiddie is a non-expert who breaks into computer systems by using pre-packaged automated tools written by others, usually with little understanding of the underlying concept, hence the term Kiddie. Neophyte A neophyte, "n00b", or "newbie" or "Green Hat Hacker" is someone who is new to hacking or phreaking and has almost no knowledge or experience of the workings of technology and hacking.
Hacktivist A hacktivist is a hacker who utilizes technology to announce a social, ideological, religious, or political message. In general, most hacktivism involves website defacement or denial- of-service attacks. Jonathan James Jonathan James was an American hacker, ill- famous as the first juvenile sent to prison for cybercrime in United States.
He committed suicide in of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. In , at the age of 16, he gained access to several computers by breaking the password of a server that belonged to NASA and stole the source code of the International Space Station among other sensitive information.
Ian Murphy Ian Murphy, also known as Captain Zap, at one point of time was having high school students steal computer equipment for him. Ian self- proclaims to have been "the first hacker ever convicted of a crime". Ian's career as a master hacker was fabricated in after he and his unemployed wife decided to form some type of business.
He has a long history of computer and Internet frauds. One of his favourite games is to forge Email headers and to send out third-party threat letters. He was formerly the most wanted computer criminal in the history of United States. From the s up until his last arrest in , he skilfully bypassed corporate security safeguards, and found his way into some of the most well-guarded systems such as Sun Microsystems, Digital Equipment Corporation, Motorola, Netcom, and Nokia.
Mark Abene Mark Abene, known around the world by his pseudonym Phiber Optik, is an information security expert and entrepreneur. He was a high-profile hacker in the s and early s. He was one of the first hackers to openly debate and defend the positive merits of ethical hacking as a beneficial tool to industry. His expertise spreads across penetration studies, on-site security assessments, secure code reviews, security policy review and generation, systems and network architecture, systems administration and network management, among many others.
Johan was also responsible for product development for the first Pan-European internet service provider, Eunet International. He is at present, a member of the board of Technologia Incognita, a hackerspace association in Amsterdam, and supports the communication companies worldwide with his cyber knowledge.
Linus Torvalds Linus Torvalds is known as one of the best hackers of all time. He rose to fame by creating Linux, the very popular Unix-based operating system. Linux is open source and thousands of developers have contributed to its Kernel. However, Torvalds remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.
As of , approximately two percent of the Linux kernel was written by Torvalds himself. Torvalds has received honorary doctorates from Stockholm University and University of Helsinki. Robert Morris Robert Morris, known as the creator of the Morris Worm, the first computer worm to be unleashed on the Internet.
The worm had the capability to slow down computers and make them no longer usable. Poulsen also drew the ire of FBI, when he hacked into federal computers for wiretap information, for which he had to serve a sentence of five years. He has reinvented himself as a journalist and has carved a niche for himself in this field. Botnets are used to send spam or make denial of service attacks. It tries different combination of usernames and passwords, over and over again, until it gets in.
It is used by gray and black hat hackers to record login IDs and passwords. Keyloggers are usually secreted onto a device using a Trojan delivered by a phishing email. The most common version is the time bomb. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side script into web pages viewed by other users.
It is an open source tool that is used widely for network discovery and security auditing. Nmap was originally designed to scan large networks, but it can work equally well for single hosts. Network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. Metasploit Metasploit is one of the most powerful exploit tools. Matasploit can be used with command prompt or with Web UI.
It has various tools that work in collaboration to support the entire testing process, from initial mapping and analysis of an application's attack surface, through to finding and exploiting security vulnerabilities. Burp is easy to use and provides the administrators full control to combine advanced manual techniques with automation for efficient testing. Burp can be easily configured and it contains features to assist even the most experienced testers with their work. It can scan IP addresses in any range.
It can be freely copied and used anywhere. In order to increase the scanning speed, it uses multithreaded approach, wherein a separate scanning thread is created for each scanned IP address. Ettercap Ettercap stands for Ethernet Capture.
It is a network security tool for Man-in-the-Middle attacks. It features sniffing of live connections, content filtering on the fly and many other interesting tricks. Ettercap has inbuilt features for network and host analysis. It supports active and passive dissection of many protocols.
EtherPeek EtherPeek is a wonderful tool that simplifies network analysis in a multiprotocol heterogeneous network environment. EtherPeek is a small tool less than 2 MB that can be easily installed in a matter of few minutes. EtherPeek proactively sniffs traffic packets on a network. QualysGuard QualysGuard is an integrated suite of tools that can be utilized to simplify security operations and lower the cost of compliance.
It delivers critical security intelligence on demand and automates the full spectrum of auditing, compliance and protection for IT systems and web applications. QualysGuard includes a set of tools that can monitor, detect, and protect your global network.
WebInspect WebInspect is a web application security assessment tool that helps identify known and unknown vulnerabilities within the Web application layer. It can also help check that a Web server is configured properly, and attempts common web attacks such as parameter injection, cross-site scripting, directory traversal, and more.
It is a password auditing and recovery application. It is used to test password strength and sometimes to recover lost Microsoft Windows passwords, by using dictionary, brute-force, and hybrid attacks. LC4 recovers Windows user account passwords to streamline migration of users to another authentication system or to access accounts whose passwords are lost. You can obtain information about each individual operating system. It can also detect registry issues and have a report set up in HTML format.
For each computer, you can list the netbios name table, current logged-on user, and Mac address. It allows network professionals to detect WLANs. It is widely used by networking enthusiasts and hackers because it helps you find non-broadcasting wireless networks. Network Stumbler can be used to verify if a network is well configured, its signal strength or coverage, and detect interference between one or more wireless networks. It can also be used to non-authorized connections. War dialling is a technique of using a modem to automatically scan a list of telephone numbers, usually dialling every number in a local area code.
Malicious hackers use the resulting lists in breaching computer security - for guessing user accounts, or locating modems that might provide an entry-point into computer or other electronic systems. Like any other expertise, you need to put a lot of effort in order to acquire knowledge and become an expert hacker.
Once you are on the track, you would need more effort to keep up-to-date with latest technologies, new vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques. A good ethical hacker has great problem-solving skills too. Final Note You need to stay as a White Hat Hacker which means you need to work within given boundaries. Never intrude or attack any computer or network without a required permission from the authorities. As a final note, it is highly recommended that you refrain from engaging yourself in black hat hacking which may spoil your entire career.
It helps hackers to make a structured ethical hacking attack. Different security training manuals explain the process of ethical hacking in different ways, but for me as a Certified Ethical Hacker, the entire process can be categorized into the following six phases.
Ethical Hacking Process Reconnaissance Reconnaissance is the phase where the attacker gathers information about a target using active or passive means.
Gaining Access In this process, the vulnerability is located and you attempt to exploit it in order to enter into the system.
The primary tool that is used in this process is Metasploit. Maintaining Access It is the process where the hacker has already gained access into a system. After gaining access, the hacker installs some backdoors in order to enter into the system when he needs access in this owned system in future. Metasploit is the preferred tool in this process. Clearing Tracks This process is actually an unethical activity. It has to do with the deletion of logs of all the activities that take place during the hacking process.
Reporting Reporting is the last step of finishing the ethical hacking process. Here the Ethical Hacker compiles a report with his findings and the job that was done such as the tools used, the success rate, vulnerabilities found, and the exploit processes. Quick Tip The processes are not standard. You can adopt a set of different processes and tools according to your techniques that you are comfortable with.
The process is of least significance as long as you are able to get the desired results. Reconnaissance takes place in two parts: Active Reconnaissance and Passive Reconnaissance. Active Reconnaissance In this process, you will directly interact with the computer system to gain information. This information can be relevant and accurate. But there is a risk of getting detected if you are planning active reconnaissance without permission. If you are detected, then system admin can take severe action against you and trail your subsequent activities.
Passive Reconnaissance In this process, you will not be directly connected to a computer system. This process is used to gather essential information without ever interacting with the target systems. Footprinting could be both passive and active. Footprinting is basically the first step where hacker gathers as much information as possible to find ways to intrude into a target system or at least decide what type of attacks will be more suitable for the target.
This command is available on Windows as well as on Linux OS. Following is the example to find out the IP address of tutorialspoint. Following is the example to find out the details of an IP address: Here the ISP row gives you the detail about the hosting company because IP addresses are usually provided by hosting companies only.
If you have a server containing very sensitive data, then it is recommended to keep it behind a secure proxy so that hackers cannot get the exact details of your actual server. This way, it will be difficult for any potential hacker to reach your server directly. IP Address Ranges Small sites may have a single IP address associated with them, but larger websites usually have multiple IP addresses serving different domains and sub-domains. You can enter company name in the highlighted search box to find out a list of all the assigned IP addresses to that company.
History of the Website It is very easy to get a complete history of any website using www. You can enter a domain name in the search box to find out how the website was looking at a given point of time and what were the pages available on the website on different dates. In the following section, we have given an example to explain how you can use NMAP tool to detect the OS of a target domain.
Based on the sniffer traces such as Wireshark of the packets, you can determine the operating system of the remote host. By analyzing these factors of a packet, you may be able to determine the remote operating system. Basic Steps Before attacking a system, it is required that you know what operating system is hosting a website. Once a target OS is known, then it becomes easy to determine which vulnerabilities might be present to exploit the target system.
Below is a simple nmap command which can be used to identify the operating system serving a website and all the opened ports associated with the domain name, i. Quick Fix You can hide your main system behind a secure proxy server or a VPN so that your complete identity is safe and ultimately your main system remains safe. Port Scanning We have just seen information given by nmap command.
This command lists down all the open ports on a given server. Quick Fix It is always recommended to check and close all the unwanted ports to safeguard the system from malicious attacks. You can use fping command for ping sweep. This can be done using the following command which will create a firewall rule in iptable. In fact, it is like a distributed database which is used to translate an IP address DNS enumeration is the process of locating all the DNS servers and their corresponding records for an organization.
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